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Author Details

Carroll, Lewis

Lewis Carroll was born as Charles Dodgson on January 27, 1832 at Daresbury, Cheshire, where his father Charles was vicar. Charles attended Richmond Grammar School (Yorkshire) after his family moved to Croft. He wrote a series of family magazines throughout his childhood, containing poetry, drawing, and prose.

In 1846 Dodgson attended Rugby School, from which he graduated to Christ Church College, Oxford. In 1854 he was awarded a degree in mathematics, and the following year he began work as a Lecturer at Christ Church in that subject. During that time he continued to write comic verse, some of which was published in the Comic Times.

In 1856 Dodgson submitted a parody to the magazine The Train. The editor of The Train, Edmund Yates, chose the pseudonym "Lewis Carroll" from a list of possible pen names submitted by Dodgson. In that same year Carroll first met Alice Pleasance Liddell, daughter of the Dean.

Dodgson was an enthusiastic photographer, at a time when the art was young. He took photographs of Alfred Tennyson, and had four of his prints exhibited at the annual exhibition of the Photographic Society in London.

He continued to write, and published several short stories and novels, in addition to works on mathematics, such as A Syllabus of Plane Algebraic Geometry.

On July 4, 1862 (a momentous date in English literature!) Dodgson took a boat trip with Alice Liddell and several others to Godstow. On this trip Dodgson passed the time by telling the children a nonsense tale. He later wrote down the story, calling it Alice's Adventures Underground. When he finished the book in 1863 his friends and family urged him to publish it.

The book was renamed Alice in Wonderland and published in July 1865. It was immediately withdrawn from circulation due to poor print quality. A second, corrected, edition was published in November, at roughly the same time as Dodgson's mathematical treatise The Dynamics of a Particle.

In 1867 Dodgson began a new children's series, Sylvie and Bruno, beginning with Bruno's Revenge, in Aunt Judy's Magazine. In that same year he began a sequel to "Alice" entitled Through the Looking Glass and What Alice Found There.

When Dodgson's father died in 1868, he purchased "The Chestnuts", at Guildford, Surrey, where his family moved. He himself moved into quarters at Tom Quad, where he remained for the rest of his life. There he continued his experiments with photography, and went so far as to have a special photographic studio built on the roof of Tom Quad.

Dodgson was a prolific writer, contributing political pamphlets, mathematical works, and children's tales to a variety of magazines. In 1881 he gave up his mathematics Lectureship to devote himself full time to his writing. The year 1889 saw the final episode of Sylvie and Bruno.

"Lewis Carroll" had mixed feelings about his lasting fame as an author of children's stories. He preferred to think of himself as a man of science and mathematics who also happened to write nonsense.

Charles Dodgson died of bronchitis on January 14, 1898. He is buried in Mount Cemetery, Guildford, Surrey, near the home he bought for his family.

Baum, L. Frank

"Frank was born in Chittenango, New York, the seventh of nine children born to Cynthia Stanton and Benjamin Ward Baum, only five of whom survived into adulthood. He was named ""Lyman"" after his father's brother, but always disliked this name, and preferred to go by ""Frank"". Benjamin Baum was a wealthy businessman, who had made his fortune in the oil fields of Pennsylvania. Frank grew up on his parent's expansive estate, Rose Lawn, which he always remembered fondly as a sort of paradise. As a young child Frank was tutored at home with his siblings, but at the age of 12 he was sent to study at Peekskill Military Academy. Frank was a sickly child given to daydreaming, and his parent may have thought he needed toughening up. But after two utterly miserable years at the Military Academy, following an incident described as a heart attack, he was allowed to return home.

Frank started writing at an early age, perhaps due to an early fascination with printing. His father bought him a cheap printing press, and together with his younger brother, Harry Clay Baum (who had always been close to Frank), produced The Rose Lawn Home Journal. The brothers published several issues of the journal, and were even able to sell ads in the paper. By the time he was 17 Baum had established a second amateur journal, The Stamp Collector, printed an 11 page pamphlet Baum's Complete Stamp Dealers' Directory, and started a stamp dealership with his friends.

At about the same time Frank entered his lifetime infatuation with theater and the performing arts, a devotion which would time after time lead him to failure and near-bankruptcy. His first such failure occurred at age 18, when a local theatrical company duped him into replenishing their stock of costumes, with the promise of leading roles that never came his way. Disillusioned, Baum left the theatre - temporarily - and went to work as a clerk in his brother-in-law's dry goods company in Syracuse.

At the age of 20, Baum took on a new vocation: the breeding of fancy poultry, which was a national craze at the time. He specialized in raising a particular breed of poultry, the Hamburg chicken. In 1880 he established a monthly trade journal, The Poultry Record, and in 1886, when Baum was 30 years old, his first book was published: The Book of the Hamburgs, A Brief Treatise upon the Mating, Rearing, and Management of the Different Varieties of Hamburgs.

Baum could never stay away from the stage long. He continued to take roles in plays, under the stage name of Louis F. Baum. In 1880 his father made him manager of a string of theaters that he owned, and Baum set about writing plays and gathering a company to act in them. The Maid of Arran, a melodrama based on a popular novel, proved a great success. Baum not only wrote the play but composed songs for it, and acted in the leading role.

He married Maud Gage, daughter of Matilda Joslyn Gage, the famous women's suffrage activist.

Later, Baum wrote The Wonderful Wizard of Oz and thirteen other novels based on the places and people of the Land of Oz. Several times during the development of the series, he declared that he had written his last Oz book and devoted himself to other works of fantasy fiction based in other magical lands, including The Life and Adventures of Santa Claus, The Adventures of Father Goose and Queen Zixi of Ix. However, persuaded by popular demand, letters from children, and the failure of his new books, he returned to the series each time. All of his novels have fallen into public domain in most jurisdictions, and many are available through Project Gutenberg. His final book, Glinda of Oz was published after his death in 1919 but the Oz series was continued long after his death by other authors, notably Ruth Plumly Thompson who wrote an additional nineteen Oz books. Baum was buried in the Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery, in Glendale, California.

Baum made use of several pseudonyms for some of his other, non-Oz books. They include:

* Edith Van Dyne (the Aunt Jane's Nieces series)
* Laura Bancroft (Twinkle and Chubbins, Policeman Bluejay)
* Floyd Akers (the Sam Steele series)
* Suzanne Metcalf (Annabel)
* Schuyler Staunton (Daughters of Destiny)